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James Macaulay
James Macaulay (September, 1759/69 – January 1, 1822) M.D., J.P. was the Chief Medical Officer of Upper Canada; a landowner and Justice of the Peace for York, Upper Canada
==Early life==
James Macaulay, born in September 1759 or 1769,〔(Hampshire Marriage Licenses )〕 was the son of Rev. Mr Macaulay〔(The Scot in British North America, Volume 2; by William Jordan Rattray )〕 of Glasgow.〔Appleton's cyclopædia of American biography: Volume 4, 1888〕 According to Edward Chadwick's ''Ontarian Families, 1894'',〔(Ontarian Families - Genealogies of United Empire Loyalist and other Pioneer families of Upper Canada, by Edward Marion Chadwick (published Toronto, 1894 )〕 the arms of James Macaulay's family "as shown on an old seal, so much worn as to be difficult to decipher, are apparently: Gu, two arrows in saltire arg, surmounted of a fess chequy of the second and first between three buckles or. Crest: A booted spur. Motto: Dulce Periculum". These directly correspond with the arms of the MacAulays of Ardincaple Castle, whose chief was reduced to owning only a few farms by the early 1700s.
James Macaulay gained a commission into the British army as a surgeon's mate in 1779 and was drafted via a Scottish regiment (possibly the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot) to join the Queen's Rangers, with whom he served throughout the American Revolution. In 1785, he transferred to the Duke of Wellington's Regiment and returned with them to England the following year as they took up duty as the King's Guard at Windsor Castle. In 1789, Macaulay's former commanding officer, John Graves Simcoe, recommended him to the post of surgeon to the New South Wales Regiment, but he did not go to Australia. When Simcoe was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in 1791, he began organizing his staff before he set sail and he chose Macaulay to be his chief surgeon in the new Canadian colony. Macaulay accompanied Simcoe to Upper Canada, arriving at the provincial capital, Niagara-on-the-Lake, in 1792.
The Macaulays enjoyed a close relationship with the Simcoes which immediately made them prominent members in local society, aided by the fact that Macaulay's wife had known Elizabeth Simcoe from childhood in England, becoming firm friends in Upper Canada.〔() Elizabeth (Gwillim) Simcoe at Canadian biographies online〕 This closeness drew jealousy from some Canadians, notably the Provincial Secretary William Jarvis in 1795.
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